Bridging physical and virtual spaces

ABSTRACT

Examples of systems and methods for bridging virtual and physical spaces are described. In some of these examples, a particular communicant&#39;s real world state drives changes in one or more of the communications connections, virtual state, and communications interface of the particular communicant or another communicant.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Under 35 U.S.C. §119(e), this application claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/716,316, filed Oct. 19, 2012, theentirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.

This application also relates to the following co-pending patentapplications, the entirety of each of which is incorporated herein byreference: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/409,344, filed Mar. 1,2012; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/229,349, filed Sep. 9, 2011;U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/229,395, filed Sep. 9, 2011; U.S.patent application Ser. No. 13/209,812, filed Aug. 15, 2011; U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/825,512, filed Jun. 29, 2010; U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/694,126, filed Jan. 26, 2010; U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/509,658, filed Jul. 27, 2009; U.S. applicationSer. No. 12/418,243, filed Apr. 3, 2009; U.S. patent application Ser.No. 12/418,270, filed Apr. 3, 2009; U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/354,709, filed Jan. 15, 2009; U.S. application Ser. No. 12/630,973,filed on Dec. 4, 2009; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/818,517,filed Jun. 18, 2010; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/855,210, filedAug. 12, 2010; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/554,051, filed Jul.20, 2012; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/554,084, filed Jul. 20,2012; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/563,088, filed Nov.23, 2011.

BACKGROUND

When face-to-face communications are not practical, people often rely onone or more technological solutions to meet their communications needs.Traditional telephony systems enable voice communications betweencallers. Instant messaging (also referred to as “chat”) communicationssystems enable users to communicate text messages in real time throughinstant message computer clients that are interconnected by an instantmessage server. Some instant messaging systems and interactive virtualreality communications systems allow users to be represented byuser-controllable graphical objects (referred to as “avatars”). What areneeded are improved systems and methods for realtime networkcommunications.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of examples of relationships betweenvirtual and real world states of a communicant on the communicationsconnections with the communicant and the communications interfacepresented to the communicant.

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of an example of a network communicationsenvironment.

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of an example of the networkcommunications environment of FIG. 2 in which virtual presence apparatusbridges communicant interactions between a physical area and a virtualarea.

FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of an example of a mapping betweengraphical representations of communicants in a spatial visualization ofa virtual area and real world locations in a physical area.

FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of an example of a graphical userinterface.

FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view of an example of a graphical userinterface.

FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic view of an example of a graphical userinterface.

FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic view of an example of a graphical userinterface.

FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic view of an example of a graphical userinterface.

FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic view of an example of a graphical userinterface.

FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic view of an example of a graphical userinterface.

FIG. 12 is a flow diagram of an example of a method.

FIG. 13 is a diagrammatic view of an example of an area server platformadministering communicant interactions in a virtual area.

FIG. 14 is a diagrammatic view of an example of an area server platformadministering communicant interactions in a virtual area.

FIG. 15A is a diagrammatic view of an example of a physical area and anexample of a graphical user interface.

FIG. 15B is a diagrammatic view of an example of a physical area and anexample of a graphical user interface.

FIG. 16A is a diagrammatic view of an example of a physical area and anexample of a graphical user interface.

FIG. 16B is a diagrammatic view of an example of a physical area and anexample of a graphical user interface.

FIG. 17A is a diagrammatic view of an example of a graphical userinterface showing interactions between communicants in a virtual area.

FIG. 17B is a diagrammatic view of an example of a graphical userinterface showing interactions between communicants in a virtual area.

FIG. 18 is a flow diagram of an example of a method of switchingcommunication connections between communication devices.

FIG. 19A is a diagrammatic view of an example of a physical area and anexample of a graphical user interface.

FIG. 19B is a diagrammatic view of an example of a physical area and anexample of a graphical user interface.

FIG. 19C is a diagrammatic view of an example of a physical area and anexample of a graphical user interface.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, like reference numbers are used toidentify like elements. Furthermore, the drawings are intended toillustrate major features of exemplary embodiments in a diagrammaticmanner. The drawings are not intended to depict every feature of actualembodiments nor relative dimensions of the depicted elements, and arenot drawn to scale.

I. DEFINITION OF TERMS

A “communicant” is a person who communicates or otherwise interacts withother persons over one or more network connections, where thecommunication or interaction may or may not occur in the context of avirtual area. A “user” is a communicant who is operating a particularnetwork node that defines a particular perspective for descriptivepurposes.

A “computer” is any machine, device, or apparatus that processes dataaccording to computer-readable instructions that are stored on acomputer-readable medium either temporarily or permanently. A “computeroperating system” is a software component of a computer system thatmanages and coordinates the performance of tasks and the sharing ofcomputing and hardware resources. A “software application” (alsoreferred to as software, an application, computer software, a computerapplication, a program, and a computer program) is a set of instructionsthat a computer can interpret and execute to perform one or morespecific tasks. A “data file” is a block of information that durablystores data for use by a software application.

The term “computer-readable medium” (also referred to as “memory”)refers to any tangible, non-transitory medium capable storinginformation (e.g., instructions and data) that is readable by a machine(e.g., a computer). Storage devices suitable for tangibly embodying suchinformation include, but are not limited to, all forms of physical,non-transitory computer-readable memory, including, for example,semiconductor memory devices, such as random access memory (RAM), EPROM,EEPROM, and Flash memory devices, magnetic disks such as internal harddisks and removable hard disks, magneto-optical disks, DVD-ROM/RAM, andCD-ROM/RAM.

A “window” is a visual area of a display that typically includes a userinterface. A window typically displays the output of a software processand typically enables a user to input commands or data for the softwareprocess. A window that has a parent is called a “child window.” A windowthat has no parent, or whose parent is the desktop window, is called a“top-level window.” A “desktop” is a system-defined window that paintsthe background of a graphical user interface (GUI) and serves as thebase for all windows displayed by all software processes.

A “data sink” (referred to herein simply as a “sink”) is any of a device(e.g., a computer), part of a device, or software that receives data.

A “data source” (referred to herein simply as a “source”) is any of adevice (e.g., a computer), part of a device, or software that originatesdata.

A “network node” (also referred to simply as a “node”) is a junction orconnection point in a communications network. Examples of network nodesinclude, but are not limited to, a terminal, a computer, and a networkswitch. A “server” network node is a host computer on a network thatresponds to requests for information or service. A “client network node”is a computer on a network that requests information or service from aserver.

A “network connection” is a link between two communicating networknodes. A “connection handle” is a pointer or identifier (e.g., a uniformresource identifier (URI)) that can be used to establish a networkconnection with a network resource. A “network communication” caninclude any type of information (e.g., text, voice, audio, video,electronic mail message, data file, motion data stream, and data packet)that is transmitted or otherwise conveyed from one network node toanother network node over a network connection.

Synchronous conferencing refers to communications in which communicantsparticipate at the same time. Synchronous conferencing encompasses alltypes of networked collaboration technologies, including instantmessaging (e.g., text chat), audio conferencing, video conferencing,application sharing, and file sharing technologies.

A “communicant interaction” is any type of direct or indirect action orinfluence between a communicant and another network entity, which mayinclude for example another communicant, a virtual area, or a networkservice. Examples of types of communicant communications includecommunicants communicating with each other in realtime, a communicantentering a virtual area, and a communicant requesting access to aresource from a network service.

“Presence” refers to the ability and willingness of a networked entity(e.g., a communicant, service, or device) to communicate, where suchwillingness affects the ability to detect and obtain information aboutthe state of the entity on a network and the ability to connect to theentity.

A “realtime data stream” is data that is structured and processed in acontinuous flow and designed to be received with no delay or onlyimperceptible delay. Realtime data streams include digitalrepresentations of voice, video, user movements, facial expressions andother physical phenomena, as well as data within the computingenvironment that may benefit from rapid transmission, rapid execution,or both rapid transmission and rapid execution, including for example,avatar movement instructions, text chat, realtime data feeds (e.g.,sensor data, machine control instructions, transaction streams and stockquote information feeds), screen shares, and file transfers.

A “physical space” is a three-dimensional real world environment inwhich a communicant can be located physically.

A “virtual area” (also referred to as an “area” or a “place”) is arepresentation of a computer-managed space or scene. Virtual areastypically are one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensionalrepresentations; although in some examples a virtual area may correspondto a single point. Oftentimes, a virtual area is designed to simulate aphysical, real world space. For example, using a traditional computermonitor, a virtual area may be visualized as a two-dimensional graphicof a three-dimensional computer-generated space. However, virtual areasdo not require an associated visualization. A virtual area typicallyrefers to an instance of a virtual area schema, where the schema definesthe structure and contents of a virtual area in terms of variables andthe instance defines the structure and contents of a virtual area interms of values that have been resolved from a particular context.

A “persistent virtual area” is a virtual area that persists even afterall communicants have disconnected from the virtual area. The state of apersistent virtual area is preserved so that it can be restored the nexttime a communicant connects to the virtual area. A “persistentassociation” between a virtual area and virtual presence apparatus is anassociation that persists even after all communicants and the virtualpresence apparatus have disconnected from the virtual area.

A “virtual area application” (also referred to as a “virtual areaspecification”) is a description of a virtual area that is used increating a virtual environment. A virtual area application typicallyincludes definitions of geometry, physics, and realtime switching rulesthat are associated with one or more zones of the virtual area.

A “virtual area enabled communications application” is a clientcommunications application that integrates realtime communications(e.g., synchronous conferencing functionalities, such as audio, video,chat, and realtime other data communications) with a virtual area.

A “virtual environment” is a representation of a computer-managed spacethat includes at least one virtual area and supports realtimecommunications between communicants.

A “position” in a virtual area refers to a location of a point or anarea or a volume in the virtual area. A point typically is representedby a single set of one-dimensional, two-dimensional, orthree-dimensional coordinates (e.g., x, y, z) that define a spot in thevirtual area. An area typically is represented by the three-dimensionalcoordinates of three or more coplanar vertices that define a boundary ofa closed two-dimensional shape in the virtual area. A volume typicallyis represented by the three-dimensional coordinates of four or morenon-coplanar vertices that define a closed boundary of athree-dimensional shape in the virtual area.

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) refers to systems and methods ofdelivering voice and other communications over Internet Protocol (IP)networks.

As used herein, the term “includes” means includes but not limited to,the term “including” means including but not limited to. The term “basedon” means based at least in part on.

II. BRIDGING VIRTUAL AND PHYSICAL SPACES

The embodiments that are described herein provide systems and methods ofbridging virtual and physical spaces.

Referring to FIG. 1, in some examples, communicants' real world andvirtual states 2, 6 are separate layers of experience that drivecommunications connections 4 between communicants, and communicationsinterfaces 8 for visualizing those layers of experience. In theseexamples, a particular communicant's real world state 2 drives changesin one or more of the communications connections 4, virtual state 6, andcommunications interface 8 of the particular communicant or anothercommunicant. For example, a particular communicant's real world(absolute or relative) location may drive changes in the virtual state(e.g., real world location based switching of the communicant's virtuallocation), communications connections (e.g., real world location basedswitching between communications devices), and communications interface(e.g., representing real world location and presence in a graphicalcommunications interface) of the particular communicant or anothercommunicant. In the illustrated example, a particular communicant'svirtual state 6 also drives changes in the communications connections 4between communicants, and communications interfaces 8 for visualizingreal world and virtual states of communicants. For example, a particularcommunicant's virtual location also may drive changes in one or more ofthe communications connections 4 (e.g., switching communicationsconnections based on virtual location) and communications interface 8(e.g., representing virtual location and presence in a graphicalcommunications interface) of the particular communicant or anothercommunicant.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a network communications environment 10 thatincludes an example of a first client network node 12 (Client Node A),an example of a second client network node 14 (Client Network Node B),an example 18 of the virtual area platform 2, and an optional proxynetwork node 19 that are interconnected by a network 20, which mayinclude one or more of a local area network (LAN), a metropolitan areanetwork (MAN), and a wide area network (WAN) (e.g., the internet).

The first client network node 12 includes a computer-readable medium 22(or “memory”), a processor 24, and input/output (I/O) hardware 25(including, e.g., a display and network communication hardware). Theprocessor 24 executes at least one virtual area enabled communicationsapplication 26 that is stored in the memory 22. The second clientnetwork node 14 typically is configured in substantially the same way asthe first client network node 12, with a computer-readable medium 30storing at least one virtual area enabled communications application 32,a processor 34, and I/O hardware 36.

Each of the client network nodes 12, 14 has a respective set of one ormore sources and an exemplary set of one or more sinks. Exemplarysources include an audio source (e.g., an audio capture device, such asa microphone), a video source (e.g., a video capture device, such as avideo camera), a chat source (e.g., a text capture device, such as akeyboard), a motion data source (e.g., a pointing device, such as acomputer mouse), and other sources (e.g., file sharing source or asource of a customized real-time data stream). Exemplary sinks includean audio sink (e.g., an audio rendering device, such as a speaker orheadphones), a video sink (e.g., a video rendering device, such as adisplay monitor), a chat sink (e.g., a text rendering device, such as adisplay monitor), a motion data sink (e.g., a movement rendering device,such as a display monitor), and other sinks (e.g., a printer forprinting shared files, a device for rendering real-time data streamsdifferent from those already described, or software that processesreal-time streams for analysis or customized display). Each of theclient network nodes 12, 14 also typically includes administrativepolicies, user preferences (including preferences regarding theexportation of the user's presence and the connection of the user to thevirtual area platform 18 and other communicants), and other settingsthat define a local configuration that influences the administration ofrealtime connections with the virtual presence apparatus 12, the virtualarea platform 18, and other network nodes.

The virtual area platform 18 includes at least one server network node40 that provides a network infrastructure service environment 42 thatmanages sessions of the first and second client nodes 12, 14 in one ormore virtual areas 44 in accordance with respective virtual areaapplications 46. One or more of the virtual area applications 44typically are synchronous conferencing applications that support one ormore types of communications between the client nodes 12, 14 (e.g., textchat, audio conferencing, video conferencing, application sharing, andfile sharing). The network infrastructure service environment 42typically includes one or more network infrastructure services thatcooperate with the communications applications 26, 32 in the process ofestablishing and administering network connections between the clientnodes 12, 14 and other network nodes. Among the network infrastructureservices that are included in the example of the network infrastructureservice environment 42 are an account service, a security service, anarea service, a rendezvous service, an interaction service, and acapabilities engine. The area service administers a virtual area 44 bymanaging sessions of the first and second client nodes 12, 14 in thevirtual area 44 in accordance with the virtual area application 46.Examples of the virtual area platform 18 and the virtual areaapplications 46 are described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/563,088, filed Nov. 23, 2011. Examples of an account service, asecurity service, an area service, a rendezvous service, and aninteraction service are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/630,973, filed Dec. 4, 2009. Examples of a capabilities engine aredescribed in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/535,910, filedSep. 16, 2011.

The network infrastructure service environment 42 maintains arelationship database 47 that contains records 48 of interactionsbetween communicants, and social network profiles 50 that are associatedwith respective communicants. Each interaction record describes thecontext of an interaction between a pair of communicants. Each socialnetwork profile 50 typically includes: identity characteristics (e.g.,name, age, gender, and geographic location information such as postalmailing address) that describe a respective communicant or a personathat is assumed by the communicant; explicit relationship informationthat is declared by the communicant; and relationship information thatis inferred from the communicant's interactions in the networkcommunication environment 10. Additional details regarding therelationship database 47 and the search and retrieval functionalitiesassociated with the relationship database as described in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/354,709, filed Jan. 15, 2009, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/418,243, filed Apr. 3, 2009, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/631,026, filed Dec. 4, 2009, and U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/432,837, filed Mar. 28, 2012.

The virtual area enabled communications applications 26, 32, the areaapplications 46, and the network infrastructure service environment 42together provide a platform that administers the realtime connectionswith network nodes in an instance of a virtual area subject to a set ofconstraints 43 (e.g., capabilities and other types of permissions,rules, and preferences). Each of the virtual area applications 46 ishosted by a respective one of the virtual areas 44 and includes adescription of the respective virtual area 44. Communicants respectivelyoperating the client nodes 12, 14 connect to the virtual areas 44through the virtual area enabled communications applications 26, 32.

The virtual area enabled communications applications 26, 32 typicallypresent respective views of the virtual areas 44 in accordance with datareceived from the network infrastructure service environment 42. Thevirtual area enabled communications applications 26, 32 also providerespective interfaces (e.g., one or more of a voice input interface, andaudio output interface, and a visual graphical user interface) forreceiving commands from the communicants. In visual graphical userinterfaces, communicants typically are represented in the virtual areas44 by respective avatars (e.g., sprites). In audio output interfaces,communicants' states and activities are described using audio signals(e.g., synthesized speech). Communicant avatars typically move about thevirtual areas 44 in response to commands that are input by thecommunicants at their respective network nodes. In some examples, thevirtual area enabled communications applications 26, 32 establishrealtime data stream connections between the first and second clientnetwork nodes 12, 14 and other network nodes connected to the virtualarea 44 based on the positions of the communicants' avatars in thevirtual areas 44. In some examples, each of the client network nodes 12,14 includes a respective realtime kernel of the type described in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/630,973, filed Dec. 4, 2009, whichsupports remote configuration of stream handlers for processing datastreams (e.g., rendering audio and video data streams) on a clientnetwork node.

A virtual area 44 may correspond to a visual virtual area of the typedisclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,769,806 and 7,844,724 that is defined withrespect to one-, two- or three-dimensional geometric coordinates, or anabstract (non-geometric) virtual area of the type described in U.S.application Ser. No. 12/631,008, which was filed on Dec. 4, 2009, thatis defined with respect to abstract coordinates. Visual virtual areasare associated with respective visualizations, whereas abstract virtualareas may or may not be associated with respective visualizations.

A virtual area typically includes one or more zones. A zone may be arendered spatial extent, a set of rules applied to a spatial extent, orboth. Zones may be arranged hierarchically in a virtual area, with anoutermost zone (referred to herein as the “global governance zone”)enclosing all other zones in the virtual area. Within the globalgovernance zone, there can be location zones (e.g., rooms of a virtualarea) or smaller governance zones that enclose a group of location zonesand provide regions of governance on the map. A zone definitiontypically also includes one or more channel definitions that describehow to create respective channels in the zone and specify theinformation about the channel that is published to a client network nodethat becomes present in the zone. A channel is always uniquely definedpoint-to-point and is unique to a virtual area application and a sessionbetween a client network node and the virtual area platform.

Examples of the types of rules that may be associated with a zoneinclude switching rules, governance rules, and permission rules.

Switching rules govern realtime stream connections between network nodesthat are linked to the virtual area (e.g., network nodes that areassociated with objects, such as avatars, in the virtual area). Theswitching rules typically include a description of conditions forconnecting sources and sinks of realtime data streams in terms ofpositions in the virtual area. Each switching rule typically includesattributes that define the realtime data stream type to which the ruleapplies and the location or locations in the virtual area where the ruleapplies. In some examples, each of the rules optionally may include oneor more attributes that specify a required role of the source, arequired role of the sink, a priority level of the stream, and arequested data routing topology. In some examples, if there are noexplicit switching rules defined for a particular part of the virtualarea, one or more implicit or default switching rules may apply to thatpart of the virtual area.

Governance rules control who has access to resources (e.g., the virtualarea itself, regions with the virtual area, and objects within thevirtual area), who has access to data (e.g., data streams and othercontent) that is associated with the virtual area, what is the scope ofthat access to the data associated the virtual area (e.g., what can auser do with the data), and what are the follow-on consequences ofaccessing that data (e.g., record keeping, such as audit logs, andpayment requirements). In some examples, an entire virtual area or azone of the virtual area is associated with a “governance mesh” thatenables a software application developer to associate governance ruleswith a virtual area or a zone of a virtual area. This avoids the needfor the creation of individual permissions for every file in a virtualarea and avoids the need to deal with the complexity that potentiallycould arise when there is a need to treat the same document differentlydepending on the context.

A permission rule defines a respective capability requirement (e.g., fora respective action, behavior, or state) in terms of one or morecapabilities, attributes, and settings, which may be persistent ortransient. Examples of capabilities systems for administering permissionrules are described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/535,910, filed Sep. 16, 2011.

In some examples, a virtual area is defined by a specification thatincludes a description of geometric elements of the virtual area and oneor more rules, including switching rules and governance rules. Examplesof virtual area specifications are described in U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 12/418,243, filed Apr. 3, 2009, U.S. patent application Ser.No. 12/818,517, filed Jun. 18, 2010, U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/855,210, filed Aug. 12, 2010, and U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 61/563,088, filed Nov. 23, 2011.

The virtual area platform 18 enables a wide variety of highlycustomizable virtual area applications to be created. Examples of suchapplications include virtual area applications for creating a virtualoffice, a virtual personal space, a virtual art gallery, a virtualconcert hall, a virtual auditorium, a virtual conference room, and avirtual clubhouse. The virtual area platform 18 supports the creation ofvirtual area applications that define network connections betweennetwork nodes in the same zone of a virtual area, as well as one-way ortwo-way network connections between network nodes in different zones.

FIG. 3 shows an example 60 of the network communications environment 10in which the network 20 interconnects the virtual area platform 18, theremote client network node 12, and virtual presence apparatus 62 that islocated in a physical space 64.

In the illustrated example, the virtual presence apparatus 62 ispositioned on a table 66 in a real world conference room (the “EastConference” room) containing five communicants 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, wherethe four communicants 68-74 are seated around the table 66, and thefifth communicant 76 is standing beside a viewscreen 78. Thecommunicants 68-72 are operating respective client network nodes 80, 82,84 (e.g., mobile computers, such as laptop computers, tablet computers,and mobile phones). A communicant 77 is operating the remote clientnetwork node 12 in a real world residential building 120 (the “Home”location). The client network nodes 12, 80, 82, 84 are running virtualarea enabled communications applications that establish respectivepresences for the communicants 68-72 and 77 in a particular one 79 ofthe virtual areas 46. The virtual presence apparatus 62 is logged intothe virtual area 79 and interfaces the two communicants 74, 76 in thephysical space 64 (who are not operating respective network nodes) withthe virtual area 79 by, for example, transceiving realtimecommunications and other data (e.g., location data and co-presence data)between the physical space 64 and the network nodes of communicants inthe virtual area 79.

The virtual presence apparatus 62 includes software and hardwareresources that enable the virtual presence apparatus 62 to connect tothe virtual area platform 18 and the client network nodes 12, 80-84,either directly (e.g., peer-to-peer) or through a hosted networkconnection. In some examples, the virtual presence apparatus 62 or anetwork node hosting the virtual presence apparatus 62 includes acomplete or modified version of the virtual area enabled communicationsapplication 26 that provides functions for communicating with thevirtual area platform 18 and establishing network connections andcommunicating realtime data streams with the client network nodes 12,80-84. When connected to the virtual area platform 18, the virtual areaplatform 18 may register the virtual presence apparatus 62 inassociation with one or more virtual areas and/or log the virtualpresence apparatus 62 into the one or more virtual areas. When loggedinto a virtual area, the virtual presence apparatus 62 transduces humanperceptible stimulus (e.g., audio, visual, mechanical, and other sensorystimulus) between the physical space 64 and the client network nodes ofcommunicants who are present in the virtual area 79. In this way, thevirtual presence apparatus 62 bridges a physical experience of thephysical space 64 to communicants in the virtual area 79 and bridgescommunicant interactions in the virtual area 79 to communicants in thephysical space 64.

An example of the virtual presence apparatus 62 includes an inputtransducer, an output transducer, a communication interface, acomputer-readable memory that stores a globally unique identifier of thevirtual presence apparatus, and a processor. The virtual presenceapparatus 62 typically encodes output data generated by the inputtransducer from communicant activity in the physical space 64 into anoutput signal that is sent to the network nodes 12, 80-84 that areconnected to the virtual area; the virtual presence apparatus 62 alsotypically decodes input signals that are received from the remotenetwork nodes 12, 80-84 in connection with the virtual area, into inputdata that is sent to the output transducer.

The input transducer generates output data from human perceptiblestimulus 82 in the physical space 64. The input transducer typicallygenerates the output data from human perceptible stimulus that isbroadcasted into the physical space. Depending on the desiredcommunication application, the input transducer may generate output datafrom one or more human perceptible stimuli, including for example audio,visual, mechanical, and other sensory stimuli. In some examples, theinput transducer includes one or more of an acoustic-to-electrictransducer (e.g., a microphone, which may be a component of a telephonydevice, such as a mobile phone or a VoIP phone, or a headset), alight-to-electric transducer (e.g., a camera, such as a still imagecamera, a video camera, and a scanner that scans physical documents intoscanned images), an electric-to-electric transducer (e.g., a touchscreenor other touch-sensitive sensor equipped with resistive, capacitive,surface acoustic wave, optical, or other touch-sensitive technologies),a mechanical-to-electric transducer (e.g., a tactile or other pressure-or force-sensitive transducer, a texture-sensitive transducer), and achemical-to-electric transducer (e.g., a olfactory sensor that iscapable of detecting one or more odorants).

The output transducer generates human perceptible stimulus in thephysical space 64. The output transducer typically broadcasts the humanperceptible stimulus into the physical space. Depending on the desiredcommunications application, the output transducer may generate one ormore human perceptible stimuli from input data, including for exampleaudio, visual, mechanical, and other sensory stimuli. In some examples,the output transducer includes one or more of an electric-to-acoustictransducer (e.g., a speaker, which may be a component of a telephonydevice, such as a mobile phone or a VoIP phone, or a headset), anelectric-to-light transducer (e.g., an image projector such as a digitalprojector, a touchscreen display, a light beam projector such as a laserpointer, or a three-dimensional hologram generator), anelectric-to-mechanical transducer (e.g., a haptic transducer, anelectric motor that moves mechanical components, such as light sourcesand robot tools, and other components in the physical space, and aprinter that outputs printed documents or three-dimensional objects),and an electric-to-chemical transducer (e.g., an electric odorantdelivery system).

The virtual presence apparatus 62 may be implemented in a variety ofdifferent ways. In some examples, the virtual presence apparatus 62 iscomposed of multiple components (e.g., two or more of a speaker, amicrophone, a light projector, and a camera) that are integrated into aunitary device. In other examples, the virtual presence apparatus 62 iscomposed of a central hub (e.g., a virtual area enabled network switchor router) that controls and configures one or more separate anddistinct peripheral components (e.g., a speakerphone, a digitalprojector, a camera, and a remote-controlled laser pointer) that areconnected to respective ports (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports)of the hub. Examples of the virtual presence apparatus 62 may havedifferent industrial designs. In some examples, the virtual presenceapparatus 62 has the form factor of a desktop appliance (e.g., a formfactor similar to that of a computer, speakerphone, a digital projector,or a network hub), whereas other examples of the virtual presenceapparatus 62 have robotic form factors (e.g., a remote-controlledelectro-mechanical machine).

Additional details regarding the construction and operation of examplesof the virtual presence apparatus 82 are described in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/554,051, filed Jul. 20, 2012, and U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/554,084, filed Jul. 20, 2012.

In some examples, the virtual area platform 18 establishes a respectivepresence in the virtual area 79 for a communicant based on adetermination that the communicant is in the physical space 64.

In some examples, the virtual area platform 18 receives location data(e.g., location based services data, such as Global Positioning System(GPS) data) that is associated with the particular communicant (e.g., bya GPS component of a mobile device, such as a mobile phone or othermobile communication device), and determines that the particularcommunicant is in the physical space based on comparison of the receivedlocation data with location data associated with the physical space. Inother examples, the virtual area platform 18 determines that acommunicant is in the physical space 64 based on sensor data (e.g.,image data, motion sensing data, speech detection data) that isgenerated by the virtual presence apparatus 62 and transmitted to thevirtual area platform 18.

In addition to detecting the presence of communicants in the physicalspace 64, the virtual area platform 18 also typically attempts toidentify the communicants who are in the physical space 64. In someexamples, the virtual presence apparatus 62 includes an input device(e.g., a microphone, a camera, a magnetic stripe reader, a bar codereader, a proximity reader, a smart card reader, a biometric reader, ora wireless reader, such as a RFID reader or a Bluetooth reader) thatacquires communicant identifying information that the virtual areaplatform 18 can use to identify communicants who are present in thephysical space 64. In some examples, the virtual presence apparatus 62captures images of communicants in the physical space 64 and sends thecaptured images to the virtual area platform 18, which recognizes facesin the images using face recognition image processing techniques. Insome examples, the server network node 42 receives audio data from thevirtual presence apparatus 62, and associates the audio data with acommunicant in the physical space 64 based on comparison of the audiodata with one or more voice data records that are associated withrespective communicants. The voice records typically correspond tovoiceprints (also referred to as voice templates or voice models) thatare created from features that are extracted from the recorded speech ofknown communicants in accordance with a speaker recognition enrollmentprocess. Each voiceprint is associated with the identity of a particularcommunicant. The virtual area platform 18 typically associates the audiodata with the communicant's identity in response to a determination thatfeatures extracted from the audio data correspond to the voiceprintpreviously associated with the communicant.

Using one or more of these or other identification techniques, thevirtual area platform 18 automatically identifies communicants who arein the physical space 64 without requiring them to log into the virtualarea platform 18 through respective client network nodes. Once aparticular communicant in the physical space 64 has been identified, thevirtual area platform 18 can automatically establish a presence for thatcommunicant in the particular virtual area that is associated with thevirtual presence apparatus 62, track utterances from that communicant inthe audio data captured by the virtual presence apparatus 62, andpresent visual cues indicative of the state of that communicant's voice(e.g., speaking or silent) in the communications interfaces that aredisplayed to the communicants who are present in the virtual area. Insome examples, subject to any applicable permissions and capabilitiesthat are associated with the virtual area, if a particular communicantis determined to be present in the physical space 64 but cannot beidentified, the virtual area platform 18 establishes a presence for thatcommunicant in the associated virtual area without naming or otherwiseidentifying that communicant in the communications interface.

In the illustrated example, each of the virtual area enabledcommunications applications 26 running on the client network nodes 12,80-84 provides a communications interface for receiving user commandsand presents a respective spatial visualization 81 of a zone 118 (the“East Conference” zone, or ECZ) of the virtual area 79 in accordancewith data received from the virtual area platform 18. The spatialvisualization 81 includes respective graphical representations 82, 84,86, 88, 90, 92 (referred to herein as “avatars” or “sprites”) of thecommunicants who are present in the virtual area 46 in the spatialvisualization 81. In the illustrated example, the sprites 82, 86, 88represent the three communicants 68, 70, 72 who are seated in thephysical space 64 and are operating the local client network nodes 80,82, 84, the sprite 88 represents the communicant 77 who is operating theremote client network node 12, the sprite 92 represents the seatedcommunicant 74, and the sprite 82 represents the communicant 76 who isstanding beside the viewscreen 78 in the East Conference room 64. Thespatial visualization 81 may include other objects. Examples of suchobjects include a viewscreen object 94 for interfacing with applicationsharing functions of the platform (as described in, e.g., U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/418,270, filed Apr. 3, 2009), a table object 96for interfacing with file sharing functions of the platform, and a VPAobject 98 for interfacing with the virtual presence apparatus 62 in thephysical space 64. The spatial visualization 81 typically is presentedin a respective window 100 that is generated by the virtual area enabledcommunications application 26 on a “desktop” or other system-defined,base window on the display hardware of the client network nodes 12,80-84.

In the illustrated example, the activities of the communicants in thevirtual area can be inferred from the activities on the variouscommunication channels over which the respective client network nodesare configured to communicate. The activities on the communicationchannels are represented in the graphical interface by visual cues thatare depicted in association with the graphical representations 82-92 ofthe communicants. For example, the “on” or “off” state of acommunicant's local speaker channel is depicted by the presence orabsence of a headphones graphic 102 on the communicant's sprite. Whenthe speakers of the communicant who is represented by the sprite are on,the headphones graphic 102 is present (see sprites 86, 88) and, when thecommunicant's speakers are off, the headphones graphic 102 is absent.The “on” or “off” state of the communicant's microphone is depicted bythe presence or absence of a microphone graphic 104 on the communicant'ssprite. When the microphone is on, the microphone graphic 104 is present(see sprite 88); and, when the microphone is off, the microphone graphic104 is absent. The headphones graphic 102 and the microphone graphic 104provide visual cues of the activity states of the communicant's soundplayback and microphone devices. In addition, the current activity on acommunicant's microphone channel is indicated by a dynamic visualizationthat lightens and darkens the communicant's avatar in realtime toreflect the presence or absence of audio data on the microphone channel.Thus, whether or not their local speakers are turned on, communicantscan determine when another communicant is speaking by the “blinking” ofthe coloration of that communicant's avatar.

The activity on a communicant's text chat channel is depicted by thepresence or absence of the hand graphic 106 adjacent the communicant'ssprite (see sprite 90). Thus, when a communicant is transmitting textchat data to another network node the hand graphic 106 is present, andwhen a communicant is not transmitting text chat data the hand graphic106 is not present. In some embodiments, text chat data is transmittedonly when keyboard keys are depressed, in which case the visualizationof the communicant's text channel appears as a flashing on and off ofthe hand graphic 106.

The viewscreen object 94 is associated with application sharingfunctionality of the platform that enables communicants to shareapplications operating their respective client network nodes. Theapplication sharing functionality is invoked by activating a viewscreenobject 94 (e.g., by single-clicking the viewscreen object with an inputdevice). In some embodiments, the platform provides visual cues thatindicate whether or not a communicant is sharing an application over anapplication sharing channel. In response to a communicant's selection ofthe viewscreen object 94, the communicant's sprite automatically ismoved to a position in the graphical representation of the virtual areathat is adjacent the viewscreen object 94. The position of acommunicant's sprite adjacent the viewscreen object 94 indicates thatthe communicant currently is sharing or is about to share an applicationwith the other communicants in the virtual area. In addition, the avatarof each communicant who is viewing a shared application is depicted witha pair of “eyes” to indicate that the represented communicants areviewing the content being shared in connection with the viewscreenobject 94. The graphical depiction of a viewscreen object 94 is changeddepending on whether or not an active application sharing session isoccurring. For example, the depicted color of the viewscreen object 94may change from a brighter color during an active application sharingsession to a darker color when there is no application sharing takingplace. Examples of the application sharing process are described inconnection with FIGS. 26-28 of U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/354,709, filed Jan. 15, 2009, and in U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/418,270, filed Apr. 3, 2009.

In some examples, the virtual area platform 18 enhances the immersiveconnections between virtual area locations (e.g., virtual area and/orvirtual area zones) and physical spaces by creating persistentassociations between the virtual area locations and the respectivephysical spaces. The virtual area platform 18 typically stores thesepersistent associations in in a table or other data structure that mapseach real world location to a respective area/zone. In some of theseexamples, the virtual area platform 18 reinforces these associations inthe visualizations of the virtual area locations that connote the realworld physical spaces (e.g., by having a virtual presentation thatresembles one or more distinctive visual features of the real worldphysical space or by including a descriptive name or other label that isassociated with the real world physical space).

In the illustrated example, the physical area 64 is a conference room(the “East Conference” room) in a building 112 in a real world space114. The virtual area platform 18 has created a persistent association116 between the East Conference Room 64 of the building 112 and the EastConference zone 118 of the virtual area 79. The virtual area platform 18reinforces this association in the visualization 81 of the virtual EastConference zone 118 of the virtual area 79 that connote the elements ofthe corresponding real world East Conference room 64 of building 112. Inthe example shown in FIG. 3, the virtual East Conference zone 118 islabeled with a name (e.g., East Conference) that corresponds to the namethat identifies the corresponding real world East Conference room. Thevirtual presentation 81 of the virtual East Conference zone 118 alsoincludes respective features (e.g., the number, placement, andorientation of the virtual viewscreen object 94, the table object 96,and the virtual presence apparatus object 98) that correspond todistinctive visual features of the associated real world East Conferenceroom 64.

The resulting visualization 81 of the East Conference zone 118 allows auser to see conversations and other interactions between communicantswho are located in different physical spaces (i.e., the East Conferenceroom 64 and the Home 120 of communicant 77) in a single view accordingto a spatial metaphor that allows the user to quickly learn who ismeeting with whom and the context of those interactions (as defined bythe virtual zone in which the meeting is occurring and the physicallocations of the individual communicants). In addition, the virtualpresence apparatus object 98 in the East Conference zone 118 provides aninterface for remote communicants in the virtual East Conference zone118 to interact with the associated virtual presence apparatus 62 in thereal world East Conference room 64 and thereby be bridged into thatphysical space.

FIG. 3 also shows another example of a graphical visualization 124 of avirtual area 126 that is persistently associated with a real worldbuilding 128. The spatial visualization 124 of the virtual area 126 isgenerated the communications applications 26 running on the clientnetwork nodes of the communicants in a zone (the “ABC HQ—Main” zone) ofthe virtual area 126. In this example, the virtual area visualization124 is a map view that shows a virtual representation of a real worldgeographic area in which the real world building 128 (ABC HQ) is locatedand emphasizes the persistent association between the virtual area 126,the real world building 128, and the real world location of the building128.

In some examples, communicants' real world and virtual states areseparate layers of experience that drive interfaces for visualizingthose layers. In some examples, communicants' real world locations andvirtual locations are reflected in the representations of thecommunicants and their interactions in virtual areas. For example, someof these representations depict socially relevant information regardingthe current real world locations and virtual locations of communicants.Such information includes indications of the current real worldlocations of the communicants, indications of the current virtuallocations of the communicants, indications of the communicants whocurrently are physically co-present, and indications of the communicantswho currently are virtually co-present.

In some examples, the virtual area platform 18 determines the real worldlocations of the communicants who are in a virtual area. The virtualarea platform 18 may determine the real world location information in avariety of different ways. In some examples, a communicant's networknode reports its current real world location (e.g., location basedservices data, such as GPS data) to the virtual area platform 18. Inother examples, the virtual area platform 18 determines the presence ofcommunicants in the physical space 64 based on the known physicallocation of the virtual presence apparatus 62 together with datagenerated by one or more sensors (e.g., a microphone, a camera togetherwith image processing and depth sensing technologies, a magnetic stripereader, a bar code reader, a proximity reader, a smart card reader, abiometric reader, or a wireless reader, such as a RFID reader or aBluetooth reader) associated with the virtual presence apparatus 62. Thevirtual area platform 18 may learn the physical location of the virtualpresence apparatus 62 from, for example, a real world location enteredby an administrator, or other data (e.g., GPS data or network addressdata) that is transmitted to the virtual area platform 18. Based on theknown location of the virtual presence apparatus 62, the virtual areaplatform 18 may determine that any communicants that are detected nearthe virtual presence apparatus 62 are in the same physical location asthe virtual presence apparatus 62. In some examples, the virtualpresence apparatus 62 uses the sensor data to determine the locations ofdetected communicants relative to the virtual presence apparatus 62.Based on this relative position information, the virtual area platform18 may determine the positions of the communicants in the physical area64 relative to one another or relative to objects (e.g., a viewscreen)in the physical area 64, and reflect those positions in the presentationof the communicants in the visualization of the associated virtual area.

In the illustrated example, the virtual area platform 18 associates witheach avatar a respective label that describes the determined physicallocations of the associated communicant. For example, each of theavatars 82, 84, 86, 90, 92 corresponding to the communicants who arelocated in the East Conference room 64 is associated with the locationlabel “ECR” that denotes the East Conference room 64, and the avatar 88(which corresponds to the communicant 77 in the real world homelocation) is associated with the location label “Home” that denotes theHome physical space 120. This location based information is sociallyrelevant to the remote communicant 77 because he otherwise would notknow that the other communicants in the virtual East Conference zone 118are all physically co-located in the real world East Conference room 64,information which the remote communicant 77 would need in order tonotice or understand nuances in the communications between the othercommunicants that might arise from their physical co-presence.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a two-dimensional visualization of a virtualarea 200 (the “SococoHQ” virtual area). The SococoHQ virtual area 200includes a lobby zone 202, a Main zone 204, a West Conference zone 206,the East Conference zone 118 shown in FIG. 3, a West Nook zone 210, anEast Nook zone 212, a Courtyard zone 214, and sixteen office zones. Theconference zones 118, 204, 206 include respective viewscreen objects,table objects, and objects representing respective virtual presenceapparatus, and supports realtime audio, chat, and application andnetwork resource sharing communications between the network nodes in thesame conference zone. Each of the offices includes respective viewscreenobjects (not shown) and a respective telephony object (not shown) andsupports realtime audio, chat, and application and network resourcesharing communications between the network nodes in the same office.Each of the telephony objects supports shared dial-in and dial-outtelephony communications as described in U.S. patent application Ser.No. 13/165,729, filed Jun. 21, 2011, and communicants interacting withthe telephony objects are represented by avatars that decorated with agraphical representation of a telephone (see, e.g., the avatar 216 inCarl's Office). Each of the West Nook zone 210, East Nook zone 212, andLobby zone 202 respectively supports realtime audio and chatcommunications between the network nodes in the same zone.

In some examples, the conference zones 118, 204, 206 are associated withdifferent real world physical spaces. The different real world physicalspaces may be physically connected to or proximate one another (e.g.,rooms connected by a common structure, such as rooms in an officebuilding, or disconnected rooms of related co-located structures, suchas rooms in a distributed office building complex) or they may bephysically separated from one another (e.g., rooms in separate anddistinct real world office buildings, which may be in the same ordifferent geographic regions). The virtual area platform 18 reinforcesthese associations with visual cues in the visualizations of the virtualarea locations that connote the corresponding real world physicalspaces. In the example shown in FIG. 4, each of the virtual conferencerooms 118, 204, 206 is labeled with a respective name (e.g., Main, WestConference, and East Conference) that corresponds to the name that isused to identify the corresponding real world physical space. Inaddition, virtual presentations of the virtual conference zones 118,204, 206 include respective features (e.g., the number and placement ofvirtual viewscreen objects, virtual plants 218, 220 and virtual artwork222) that correspond to distinctive visual features of the associatedreal world physical spaces. The resulting visualization of the SococoHQvirtual area 200 allows a user to see multiple concurrent independentconversations and other interactions that are occurring in differentphysical spaces in a single view in which the interactions are organizedaccording to a spatial metaphor that allows the user to quickly learnwho is meeting with whom and the contexts of those meetings (as definedby the zones in which the meetings are occurring). In addition, thevirtual presence apparatus objects in the virtual conference zones 118,204, 206 provide interfaces for communicants in the virtual area 200 tointeract with the associated virtual presence apparatus and thereby bebridged into the corresponding physical spaces.

Referring to FIG. 4, each of the communicants in the SococoHQ virtualarea 200 is located in a respective geographic location that isindicated in the map view 224, which shows a virtual representation of areal world geographic area in which the communicants are locatedphysically. In some cases, multiple of the communicants in the same zoneof the SococoHQ virtual area 200 are physically co-located in the samegeographic area. As explained above, the physical co-presence ofcommunicants who also are in the same virtual zone is socially relevantto communicants who are present in that zone but not in the samephysical space because physical co-location changes the social contextof the interactions between the communicants. For example, knowing thatcommunicants are co-present in the same physical space, typically willaffect how the remote communicants interpret interactions between thephysically co-located communicants and how the remote communicantsinteract with the physically co-located communicants. For at least thesereasons, it is desirable to reflect the physical co-presence ofcommunicants in the visualization of the virtual areas and zones in thecommunications interfaces that are presented to the remote communicantsin the same virtual areas and zones.

FIG. 5 shows an example of a people panel graphical user interface 230that is generated by an example of the virtual area enabledcommunications application 26 in a window on a display of the clientnetwork node from which a user of the client application (“Art” in thisexample) is operating. The people panel 230 depicts the realtimeavailabilities and activities of communicants that are associated withArt (e.g., by being a contact of Art or being a member of or present ina virtual area of which Art is a member) across different communicationcontexts.

In the people panel 230, each communicant is represented graphically bya respective circular sprite (or avatar) that is associated with arespective name of the communicant (i.e., “Art,” “Beth,” “Carl,” “Dan,”“Ed,” “Fran,” and “Garth”) and a status line that includes additionalinformation about the communicant, such as physical location ofpresence, availability (e.g., busy, idle), a status message (e.g., “Outof the office next Wednesday”), and the name of the client node fromwhich the communicant is operating (e.g., “workstation 1” or “mobilephone”). As explained above, the virtual area platform 18 monitors theactivities on various communication channels over which the respectivecommunicants are configured to communicate in the virtual areas andgenerates state data that indicate state information about thecommunicants and real-time data streams (RDS) that indicate the currentrealtime activities of the communicants. These states and activities arerepresented by visual cues that are depicted in association with thegraphical representations of the communicants in the people panel 230.

The people panel 230 is associated with filtering criteria thathighlight interaction activities grouped by virtual area and by zonewithin each virtual area, allowing the user to readily determine wherethe potentially interesting interactions are occurring across the user'sareas of membership. In the illustrated example, the people panel 230shows the realtime availabilities and activities of the communicants whoare present in the SococoHQ virtual area 200. The people panel 230includes a header bar 232 that includes a descriptive label associatedwith the virtual area (e.g., the name of the virtual area and otherinformation, such as an announcement, relating to the virtual area) anda respective toggle control that can be toggled to selectively collapseand expand the SococoHQ section of the people panel 230. In theillustrated example, the SococoHQ section is expanded.

Within the SococoHQ section, the communicants who are present in thevirtual area are grouped as follows: the communicants in the user'scurrent zone of presence (i.e., Art's Office in this example) aredisplayed in a capsule 234 at the top of the SococoHQ section; next,communicants who are co-presence with other communicants in respectivezones of the virtual area are displayed in respective zones ofco-presence capsules 236, 238 240; the communicants who are alone inrespective zones of the virtual area are displayed in a respective“Other Zones” capsule 242 (shown collapsed); and the communicants whoare members of the SococoHQ virtual area but currently are not presentare listed in a “Not Present” capsule 243 (shown collapsed). The zonesof co-presence filtering criteria identify those communicants who areco-present in respective zones of a virtual area. Thus, for each virtualarea, the communicants in each group of two or more co-presentcommunicants in the same zone of the virtual area are listed in aseparate, selectively expandable and collapsible zone of co-presencecapsule 236-240 in a respective section of the people panel 230. Thedepiction of the zones of co-presence enables Art to readily visualizeall of the conversations that are occurring across all of thecommunication contexts that are defined by the virtual areas of whichArt is a member. In this way, Art can determine whether or not there areany ongoing conversations that he would like to join.

In some examples, each of the co-presence capsules 234-240 is associatedwith a respective descriptive user navigable link that may reference,for example, the associated zone of co-presence or a Real World View ofa physical location that is mapped to the associated zone ofco-presence. The link may be, for example, a URI link that includes thename of the associated zone or physical location, along with otherinformation, such as a label that describes the topic of a meetingcurrently taking place in the zone (e.g., “Daily Standup” or “SalesManagement Meeting”). In some examples, each of the co-presence capsules234-240 also is associated with a respective door icon (not shown) thatreflects the current state (e.g., open or closed) of the door objectthat is associated with the zone. In this way, the user can quicklydetermine of the type of meeting that is occurring in the respectivezones (e.g., an open or casual meeting, or a closed or private meeting).Additional details regarding the navigatable links and door objects aredescribed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/487,159, filed Jun. 2,2012.

Within each of the co-presence capsules 236-240, the communicants whoare present in the associated zone additionally are grouped by physicalco-presence. In the illustrated example, the communicants Beth, Carl,Dan, Ed, and Matt are co-present in the virtual Main zone of theSococoHQ virtual area. In addition to being virtually co-present, Dan,Ed, and Matt also are physically co-present in Ji's Coffee, which is areal world location in Palo Alto, Calif. The physical co-presence ofDan, Ed, and Matt is depicted in the people panel 230 by grouping theiravatars 244, 246, 248 within a physical co-presence capsule 250 and bymerging their respective status lines into a single status line 252 thatidentifies their physical location of co-presence (i.e., “Ji'sCoffee—Palo Alto,” which also is associated with a user navigatable URIlink 253 that references an associated virtual area or zone, or a RealWorld View of the associated real world location). Similarly, thecommunicants Jim, Sam, Todd, and Josh are co-present in the virtual WestConference zone of the SococoHQ virtual area. In addition to beingvirtually co-present, Jim, Sam, and Todd also are physically co-presentin the real world West Conference room in the Sococo Mountain Viewoffice. The physical co-presence of Jim, Sam, and Todd is depicted inthe people panel 230 by grouping their avatars within a physicalco-presence capsule 254 and by merging their respective status linesinto a single status line 256 that identifies their physical location ofco-presence (i.e., “Sococo MV, W-Conf”).

Typically, the virtual area platform 18 automatically determines thephysical co-presence of communicants by applying a co-presence predicateto the real world locations of the communicants, locations which may bedetermined, for example, using any of the communicant locating methodsdescribed herein. In some examples, the virtual area platform 18determines that communicants are physically co-present if the real worldlocations of the communicants satisfy a proximity predicate (e.g., thecommunicants are within a particular distance from one another). In oneexample, the virtual area platform 18 determines that communicantsoperating respective network nodes are co-present if the locations ofthe network nodes can be circumscribed by a imaginary circular boundarywith a diameter of at most a specified threshold length (e.g., threemeters). In another example, the virtual area platform 18 determinesthat communicants are physically co-present if the locations of theirnetwork nodes network nodes are located within a specified distance of atarget location (e.g., a fixed real world location, such as a locationdefined by specified latitude and longitude coordinates, or a transientreal world location, such as the location of one of the network nodes).

The people panel 230 also includes: a Contacts section 260 that showsArt's contacts who are not members of the SococoHQ virtual area; aFrequent contacts section 262 in which Art's contacts are sorted by thefrequency of their respective interactions with Art; a Recent contactssection 264 in which Art's contacts are sorted by the recentness oftheir respective interactions with Art; an Online contacts section 266that lists all of Art's contacts who currently are online (i.e.,connected to the network 20); and an Offline contacts group 268 thatlists all of Art's contacts who currently are offline (i.e.,disconnected from the network 20).

FIG. 6 shows an exemplary graphical user interface 270 that is generatedby an example of the virtual area enabled communications application 26in a window 272 on a display of the user's client network node. Thegraphical user interface 270 includes the people panel 230, a viewerpanel 274, an audio interaction toolbar 276, a set of panel viewcontrols 278, a Phone button 280, a respective Viewscreen button 282-288for each viewscreen object in the current zone of presence, a VirtualArea View button 290, a Real World View button 291, and a meeting button292.

The audio interaction toolbar 276 includes a headphone control 294 thatenables Art to toggle on and off the local speakers of the clientnetwork node, and a microphone control 296 that enables Art to toggle onand off the local microphone of the client network node.

The panel view controls 278 include a people panel button 298 foropening and closing the people panel 230, a chat panel button 300 foropening and closing a chat panel, and a viewer panel button 302 foropening and closing the viewer panel 274.

The Phone button 280 is associated with telephony related functionalityof the platform that enables a user of a Public Switched TelephoneNetwork (PSTN) terminal device to participate in virtual area basedcommunications (e.g., by the PSTN terminal device user calling into azone of the virtual area or by a user of the communications application26 to call out to the PSTN terminal device user), as described in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 13/165,729, filed Jun. 21, 2011.

The Meeting button 292 sets the view presented in the viewer panel 274to a user interface for visualizing assemblies of communicants in thevirtual area, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/432,837, filed Mar. 28, 2012.

The graphical user interface 270 also includes a home button 304 that isassociated with a control that returns the user's presence to adesignated “home” location in the virtual environment (e.g., a designedzone, such as a personal zone or other office that is assigned to theuser). Additional details regarding the structure, function, andoperation of examples of the navigation controls are described in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/354,709, filed Jan. 15, 2009.

The graphical user interface 270 also includes a Chat button 303 and aGet button 305. Selection of the Chat button 303 opens the chat panelthat enables Art to initiate a chat with other communicants who arepresent in the area application where Art is present. Selection of theGet button 305 opens an invite window that enables Art to invite one ormore communicants to a selected virtual area location. Additionaldetails regarding embodiments of the methods and functions invoked bythe Chat button 303 and the Get button 305 are described in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/354,709, filed Jan. 15, 2009, and U.S.Provisional patent application Ser. No. 13/209,812, filed Aug. 15, 2011.

Selection of the Virtual Area View button 290 sets the view presented inthe viewer panel 274 to a spatial visualization of the virtual area.

In the example shown in FIG. 6, the viewer panel 274 is in the VirtualArea View mode (as denoted by the highlighted Virtual Area View button290), which presents a spatial visualization of the SococoHQ virtualarea 200 that is zoomed to the user's current zone of presence (i.e.,SococoHQ/Main as shown in the location bar 306, which indicates thatMain is a zone within the virtual area SococoHQ). Each of thecommunicants who is present in the SococoHQ/Main zone is representedgraphically in the viewer panel 274 by a respective avatar thatcorresponds to the communicant's avatar shown in the Main zone capsule236 of people panel 230. The SococoHQ/Main zone is representedgraphically by a two-dimensional top view of a rectangular space. Insome examples, the communicants' avatars automatically are positioned inpredetermined locations (or “seats”) in the SococoHQ/Main zone when thecommunicants initially enter the zone. In other examples, thecommunicants' avatars are positioned in the SococoHQ/Main zone atlocations that reflect the communicants' relative locations in thephysical space associated with the zone, as determined by the virtualpresence apparatus 62 in the associated physical space 64.

The Main zone includes four viewscreen objects 310-316 and a tableobject 318. Communicants interact with the objects by selecting themwith an input device (e.g., by single-clicking on the objects with acomputer mouse, touch pad, touch screen, or the like). The viewscreenobjects 310-316 are associated with application sharing functionality ofthe platform that enables communicants to share applications operatingtheir respective client network nodes. The application sharingfunctionality is invoked by activating a viewscreen (e.g., bysingle-clicking the viewscreen object with an input device).

Each of the Viewscreen buttons 282-286 sets the viewer panel 274 todisplay the content the content being shared in connection with acorresponding one of the viewscreen objects in the current zone ofpresence or, if no content is being shared in connection with thecurrent viewscreen object, to display a Share button that allows theuser to initiate an application sharing session in connection with theselected viewscreen object.

In some examples, one or more of the viewscreen objects 310-316 may beassociated with respective uniform resource identifiers (URIs) ofnetwork resources to enable communicants to interact with and shareinformation associated with the network resources via the applicationsharing (e.g., web browser sharing) functionality associated with theviewscreen objects as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/399,737, filed Feb. 17, 2012.

The table object 318 is associated with file share functionality of theplatform that enables communicants to upload computer data files toserver storage in association with respective ones of the zones of thevirtual area and to download data files that are associated with zonesof the virtual area from the server storage to the respective clientnetwork nodes. In example shown in FIG. 6, there are two documentobjects 322, 324 that are associated with the table object 318 in theMain zone of the SococoHQ virtual area. The document objects 322, 324are linked to respective documents that are have been shared in thevirtual area and stored in server storage with an index that refers tothe unique identifier of the Main zone. Any of the document objects 322,324 may be selected by a communicant (e.g., by double-clicking thedocument object with an input device, such as a computer mouse) toinitiate downloading of the associated document to the communicant'sclient network node. Additional details regarding the structure,function, and operation of the table object 318 may be obtained fromU.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/354,709, filed Jan. 15, 2009.

The Real World View button 291 sets the view presented in the viewerpanel 274 to a visualization of one or more real world locationsassociated with the virtual area.

FIG. 7 shows an example of the viewer panel 274 in the Real World Viewmode, which presents a spatial visualization 330 of the current realworld locations of presence of the communicants in the user's currentzone of presence of the SococoHQ virtual area (i.e., the Main zone ofthe SococoHQ virtual area).

In the illustrated example, the people panel 230 shows visual cuesdepicting the realtime interactions of the communicants Beth, Carl, Dan,Ed, Matt, and Art in the SococoHQ/Main zone. The people panel 230 alsoshows that Dan, Ed, and Matt are physically co-located in Ji's Coffee inPalo Alto, Calif. by grouping the avatars of Dan, Ed, and Matt in theco-presence capsule 250 and presenting the status message 252, whichdescribes the real world location of presence as “Ji's Coffee—PaloAlto.”

The viewer panel 274 shows the spatial visualization 330 of the currentreal world locations of the communicants Beth, Carl, Dan, Ed, Matt, andArt in the SococoHQ/Main zone. The spatial visualization shows a virtualrepresentation of the communicants' real world locations in which thecommunicants' avatars are positioned on a geographic map 331 atrespective locations that correspond to the communicants' real worldlocations. In this regard, Beth's avatar 332 is positioned at thelocation of the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), Carl's avatar334 is positioned at the location of the Sococo office in Mountain View,Calif., the avatars 336, 338, 340 of Dan, Ed, and Matt are positioned atthe location of Ji's Coffee in Palo Alto, Calif., and Art's avatar 342is positioned at the location of Monterey, Calif. Each of the avatars332-342 is associated with respective name of the communicant (i.e.,“Art,” “Beth,” “Carl,” “Dan,” “Ed,” and “Matt”) and a status line thatincludes the communicants' current geographic location. The co-presenceof Dan, Ed, and Matt at the same geographic location is demarcated byenclosing their avatars 336-340 in a co-presence capsule 344. Thevisualization 330 typically is zoomed automatically to a magnificationlevel that allows all of the communicants' real world locations to beshown in the viewer panel 274. A zoom control 332 allows the user tochange the magnification level of the visualization 330 presented in theviewer panel 274.

In some examples, the physical co-presence capsule 344 is associatedwith a status line 346 that includes the names of the co-presentcommunicants and a descriptive, user-navigable link 348 that referencesan associated virtual area or zone, or a Real World View of theassociated real world location. In the example shown in FIG. 7, thenavigatable link 348 is associated with a label that describes theassociated real world location (i.e., Ji's Coffee) and references aparticular virtual area location (i.e., the Main zone of the Ji's Coffeevirtual area).

FIG. 8 shows an example of a view the Main zone 350 of the Ji's Coffeevirtual area that is presented in the viewer panel 274 in response tothe user's selection of the link 348 that is associated with thephysical co-presence capsule 344 shown in FIG. 7. The Main zone 350 ofthe Ji's Coffee virtual area includes six viewscreen objects 352, 353,354, 355, 356, 357, and three table objects 358, 360, 362. Theviewscreen objects 352-354 are respectively linked to information,social media, and shopping network resources, which are accessed byactivating (e.g., with a user input device) the viewscreen objects352-356. The viewscreen objects 355-357 are associated with applicationsharing functionality. Each of the table objects 358-362 has a set offour “seats” that define predetermined locations where communicantavatars can be positioned. Each table object 358-362 is located within aseparate non-rendered table zone 359, 361, 363 that is associated with arespective set of switching rules that allows realtime audio, chat,application sharing, and file sharing between communicants in the sametable zone. The Main zone 350 also is associated with switching rulesthat allow: audio communications between a communicant with the role ofBarista (e.g., Linda) and the communicants in any of the table zones;and text chat communications between any communicants in the Main zone350.

The people panel 230 depicts the avatars of the communicants who are inthe Main zone 350 of the Ji's Coffee virtual area. The virtualco-presence of Dan, Ed, and Matt in the table zone 363 is depicted inthe people panel 230 by grouping their avatars within a virtualco-presence capsule 360. Similarly, the virtual co-presence of Tom andJill in the table zone 361 is depicted in the people panel 230 bygrouping their avatars within a virtual co-presence capsule 362.

By selecting the Real World View button 291, the user can change theview mode of the viewer panel 274 from the Virtual Area View mode shownin FIG. 8 to a Real World View mode shown in FIG. 9, which presents aspatial visualization 364 of the current real world locations ofpresence of the communicants in the user's current zone of presence inthe Ji's Coffee virtual area (i.e., the Main zone).

Alternatively, by selecting a Map View button 366 in the spatialvisualization shown in FIG. 8, the user can change the view mode of theviewer panel 274 from the Virtual Area View mode shown in FIG. 8 to aMap View mode shown in FIG. 10, which presents a spatial visualization368 of a real world location that is persistently associated with theJi's Coffee virtual area. In this example, the spatial visualization 368is a map view showing a virtual representation (i.e., a street map) of areal world geographic area containing a real world buildingcorresponding to the Ji's Coffee virtual area. The real world locationof Ji's Coffee is indicated in the map view by a coffee cup icon 370that suggests a specific type of business (i.e., a coffee shop). A popupwindow 372 is displayed in response to user selection of the coffee cupicon 370. The popup window 372 presents the name, address, phone number,and a URL that can be selected to navigate to a network resource (e.g.,a web page) that is associated with Ji's Coffee. The popup window 372also includes a navigatable “walkup view” link 374 that allows the userto change the view mode of the viewer panel 274 from the Map view modeshown in FIG. 10 to the Walkup View mode shown in FIG. 11, which showsreal world imagery (e.g., a photograph or video images) of a real worldgeographic area containing a real world building 376 that is associatedwith the Ji's Coffee virtual area.

The user also can select a Walkup View button 378 in the spatialvisualization shown in FIG. 8 to change the view mode of the viewerpanel 274 from the Virtual Area View mode shown in FIG. 8 to the WalkupView mode shown in FIG. 11.

In some examples, a user's real world state drives changes in thevirtual state of the user or another communicant. For example, a user'sreal world (absolute or relative) location may drive changes in thevirtual state (e.g., real world location based switching of thecommunicant's virtual location) of the user or another communicant.

FIG. 12 shows an example of a method by which the area server platform18 changes a particular communicant's presence state based on thephysical state of a user, where the particular communicant may be theuser or another communicant. In accordance with this method, the areaserver platform 18 administers realtime communications between networknodes respectively associated with a user and other communicants in anetwork communications environment (FIG. 12, block 400). The area serverplatform 18 receives real world data that includes one or moreattributes that define a physical state of the user (FIG. 12, block402). The area server platform 18 applies one or more conditions to theone or more attributes (FIG. 12, block 404). Based on results of theapplying, the area server platform 18 changes a particular communicant'spresence state in the network communications environment (FIG. 12, block406).

In some examples, the user is the particular communicant whose virtualpresence state is changed. In some of these examples, the area serverplatform 18 establishes a presence for the user in a virtual area basedon results of applying the one or more conditions to the one or moreattributes defining the user's physical state. In some of theseexamples, at least one of the one or more attributes defines a realworld location of the user, and the area server platform 18 establishesthe user's presence in the virtual area based on a determination thatthe real world location of the user is within a particular physicalarea. In some cases, the particular physical area is defined in relationto a current real world location of another communicant. In some ofthese examples, the area server platform 18 establishes the user'spresence in the virtual area based on a determination that the user andthe other communicant are physically co-present. In some of theseexamples, the area server platform 18 creates the virtual area for theuser and the other communicant based on a determination that the realworld locations of the user and the other communicant are physicallyco-present. In some of these examples, the area server platform 18terminates the user's presence in a virtual area based on application ofone or more conditions to at least one of the one or more attributesdefining the user's physical state. For example, in some cases, at leastone of the one or more attributes defines a real world location of theuser, and the area server platform 18 terminates the presence of theuser in the virtual area based on a determination that the user's realworld location is outside a particular physical area. In some cases, theparticular physical area is defined in relation to a current real worldlocation of another communicant. In some examples, the area serverplatform 18 terminates the user's presence in the virtual area based ona determination that the real world locations of the user and the othercommunicant are not physically co-present.

In some examples, the user is not the particular communicant whosevirtual presence state is changed. In some of these examples, the areaserver platform 18 establishes a presence for the particular communicantin a virtual area based on results of applying the one or moreconditions to the one or more attributes that define the user's physicalstate. In some of these examples, at least one of the one or moreattributes defines a real world location of the user, and the areaserver platform 18 establishes the presence of the other communicant inthe virtual area based on a determination that the user's real worldlocation is within a particular physical area. In some of theseexamples, the area server platform 18 terminates the presence of theother communicant in a virtual area based on application of one or moreconditions to at least one of the one or more attributes defining theuser's physical state. For example, in some cases, at least one of theone or more attributes defines a real world location of the user, andthe area server platform 18 terminates the presence of the othercommunicant in the virtual area based on a determination that the user'sreal world location is outside the particular physical area.

In the following examples, the virtual area platform 18 changes thepresence state of the user or another communicant in the networkcommunications environment based on a determination that the user's realworld coordinates satisfy a location-based predicate.

Referring to FIG. 13, in some examples, the virtual area platform 18changes the presence state of the user or particular other communicantbased on application of a proximity predicate to the user's real worldlocation in relation to the real world locations of one or more othercommunicants (e.g., the communicants are within a particular distancefrom one another). In other examples, the virtual area platform 18changes the presence state of the user or the particular communicantbased on a determination that his or her network node is located withina specified distance of a target one of one or more other communicants'network nodes. In some examples, the virtual area platform 18 conditionsthe change in the presence state of the user or the particularcommunicant on satisfaction of an optional time predicate (e.g., thecommunicants must satisfy the proximity predicated for at least athreshold length of time, such as one minute).

In the illustrated example, the virtual area platform 18 changes thepresence state of the user or the particular communicant in relation toa virtual area 420 based on the size of the smallest imaginary circularboundary 422 that circumscribes the real world locations of the user'snetwork node (e.g., tablet computer 424) and one or more othercommunicants' network nodes. For example, if the real world locations ofthe user's network node and the one or more other network nodes can becircumscribed by an imaginary circular boundary 422 with a diameter ofat most a specified threshold length (e.g., three meters), the virtualarea platform 18 automatically establishes a presence for the user orthe particular communicant in the virtual area 420.

In some cases, the other communicants already are present in the virtualarea 420 and the user or the particular communicant automatically areentered into the virtual area 420 when the location of the user'snetwork node 424 in relation to the network nodes of the one or moreother communicants satisfies the proximity predicate. In other cases,the virtual area platform 18 automatically creates the virtual area 420at the time the proximity predicate is satisfied. The virtual area 420may be a persistent virtual area that is uniquely associated with aparticular set of one or more communicants or it may be a transientvirtual area that exists only from the time that it is created to thetime when all the communicants have left the virtual area, at whichpoint the virtual area is deleted. In some cases, the locations of theuser and one or more other communicants may satisfy the proximitypredicate while the user is virtually co-present with a particularcommunicant in a particular virtual area or zone. In some of thesecases, the virtual area platform 18 automatically may establishpresences for the one or more other communicants in the particularvirtual area or zone so that the particular communicant will see thesocially relevant fact that the user now is physically co-present withthe one or more other communicants. In this way, the physical locationof the user drives the virtual presences of the one or more othercommunicants in the network communications environment (see, e.g., thedescription below in connection with FIGS. 17A-17B).

In some examples, the area server platform 18: associates a virtual areawith a particular real world location; ascertains a user's current realworld location over time; determines whether the current real worldlocation of the user coincides with the particular real world location;and based on a determination that the current real world location of theuser coincides with the particular real world location, automaticallyconnects the user to the virtual area platform 18, which supportsrealtime communications between communicants in the virtual area.

FIG. 14 shows an example in which the virtual area platform 18 changesthe virtual presence state of the user or particular other communicantbased on the physical location of the user's network node in relation toa designated real world area. In the illustrated example, the virtualarea platform 18 changes the virtual presence state of the user or theparticular communicant with respect to a virtual area 407 based on thelocation of the user's network node (e.g., mobile phone 408) in relationto a specified real world coordinate boundary 410 within a real worldbuilding 412. In some examples, if the user's network node 408 is withinthe coordinate boundary 410, the virtual area platform 18 establishes apresence for the user or the particular communicant in the virtual area407 that is associated with the coordinate boundary 410. In someexamples, if the user's network node 408 is outside the coordinateboundary 410, the virtual area platform 18 terminates the virtualpresence of the user or the particular communicant in the virtual area407.

In the example shown in FIG. 14, the virtual area 407 is associated withthe physical space demarcated by the coordinate boundary 410. Thephysical space may correspond to the physical location of a businessestablishment (e.g., an office building, a retail store, such as acoffee shop or a department store, a restaurant, sports bar, socialclub, athletic club, or sports and exhibition facility) and the virtualarea 407 may be a virtual area that is associated with the businessestablishment. In some of these examples, the physical location of theuser in relation to the coordinate boundary 410 drives the user'svirtual presence in the associated virtual area 407. In some of thesecases, when the user enters the business establishment, sheautomatically enters the virtual area 407, allowing her to seamlesslyinteract both physically with the communicants who are in the physicalretail store and virtually with the communicants who are in theassociated virtual area 407. Similarly, when the user leaves thebusiness establishment, she automatically leaves the virtual area 407.

In other examples, the physical location of the user in relation to thecoordinate boundary 410 drives another communicant's virtual presence inthe associated virtual area 407. In some of these cases, while beingvirtually co-present with a particular communicant in a particularvirtual area or zone, the user may enter the physical space demarcatedby the coordinate boundary 410 and thereby become physically co-presentwith one or more other communicants in the physical space. In thesecases, the virtual area platform 18 automatically may establishpresences for the one or more other communicants in the particularvirtual area or zone so that the particular communicant will see thesocially relevant fact that the user now is physically co-present withthe one or more other communicants (see, e.g., the description below inconnection with FIGS. 16A-16B).

FIG. 15A shows an example in which a user 430 (Linda) enters a retailestablishment of a retailer. The retail establishment is demarcated bythe coordinate boundary 410 in the building 412 shown in FIG. 14. Inthis example, when the user's network node 408 enters the physical areacircumscribed by the coordinate boundary 410, the virtual area platform18 automatically establishes a presence for the user 430 in the virtualarea 407. This is reflected in a graphical user interface 432 that isgenerated in a window 434 on a display by a virtual area enabledcommunications application running on the user's network node 408. Thegraphical user interface 432 includes a first viewer panel 436 thatshows a Map View 440 of the retail establishment, and a second viewerpanel 438 that shows a spatial visualization of a lobby zone 442 of thevirtual area 407. In some examples, the Map View 440 and the spatialvisualization 442 are rendered views that are specified in the virtualarea application defining the virtual area 407.

In the first viewer panel 436, the Map View 440 shows a two-dimensionalgraphical floor plan showing graphical representations of the layout ofaisles and rows between shelves 444 in the retail establishment. In theMap View 440, the shelves 444 are represented graphically by rectangles446. Communicants who have been detected as being physically present inthe retail establishment are represented by respective avatars in thefirst viewer panel 436. In the illustrated example, the user 430 hasbeen detected as being present in the lobby of the retail establishmentand therefore is represented by a circular sprite 448 in a graphicalrepresentation 450 of the lobby of the retail establishment.

In the second viewer panel 438, the spatial visualization shows theuser's current zone of presence (i.e., the lobby zone 442) of thevirtual area 407. In the illustrated example, the lobby zone isrepresented graphically by a two-dimensional top view of a rectangularspace that contains two viewscreen objects 449, 451, and a respectiveavatar 452, 454, 456 for each of the communicants who is present in thelobby zone 442. In this example, the avatar 452 represents the user 430,the avatar 454 represents a communicant 458 (Trevor) who is operating aremote network node 460, and the avatar 456 represents a communicant 462(Max) who is operating a remote network node 464. The communicant 458 isa customer service representative who is physically located in theretail department headquarters (Retail HQ) of the retailer, and thecommunicant 462 is an expert in the ABC department who is physicallylocated in the research and development headquarters (R&D HQ) of theretailer. Graphical user interfaces analogous to the graphical userinterface 432 are respectively generated by virtual area enabledcommunications applications running on the communicants' network nodes460, 464.

In the illustrated example, the viewscreen object 449 is linked tonetwork-based self-help resources (e.g., online resources foridentifying products, checking product availability, comparing differentproducts, submitting queries to and receiving query responses from aknowledgebase, and specific self-help content, such as user guides, andFAQs) that provide information that might help the user 430 to resolvean issue without requiring the assistance of a customer servicerepresentative or an expert. If the user 430 cannot resolve an issueusing the self-help resources, the user 430 can select the viewscreenobject 451 to interact with an issue tracking system that manages andmaintains lists of issues. The customer may request a new ticket orenter the identifier of a ticket that already has been issued to thecustomer. In response, the issue tracking system may create or updatereported customer issues, and update an issue tracking databaseaccordingly. The ticket is used to track the issue, and potentially toschedule support for the customer's issue. After a ticket has beencreated, a customer service person (e.g., communicant 458, Trevor) whodesignated for providing first tier support and is available to discussthe ticket with the customer (e.g., using audio, video, and/or chat)typically joins the user 430 in the lobby to discuss the issue. Thecustomer service person may be able to resolve the issue or escalate thecustomer to an expert (e.g., communicant 462, Max) for assistance. Ifescalated, the expert may join the user 430 in the lobby when he isavailable to discuss the issue with the user 430. The user may browsethe retail establishment while waiting for the customer servicerepresentative or the expert in the virtual lobby zone 442.

In the process of resolving the issue, the user 430 may interact withone or both of the customer service representative 458 and the expert462 in the virtual lobby zone 442 over one or more realtime audio,video, text chat, application sharing, and file sharing communicationchannels. If a particular product is identified, one of the customerservice representative 458 and the expert 462 may assist the user 430 inlocating the product on the shelves 444 of the physical retailestablishment. For example, one of the communicants 458, 462 mayinteract with the virtual area platform 18 to cause the location of theproduct to be indicated by a star icon 466 in the Map View 440 shown inthe first viewer panel 436 of the user's graphical user interface 434.Using the Map View 440 as a guide, the user 430 may then navigate to thereal world location of the product of the product in the retailestablishment. In some examples, the virtual area platform 18 tracks theuser's position in the retail establishment (e.g., using one or more ofthe communicant locating techniques described above) and moves theuser's sprite 448 to the locations of the Map View 440 corresponding tothe real world locations of the user 430, thereby visually guiding theuser to the location 466 of the desired product. In some of theseexamples, the virtual area platform 18 provides step-by-step directionsfrom the user's current real world location to the real world location466 of the desired product, where the directions may be presented to theuser 430 in the form of a text-based list or synthesized speech.

Referring to FIG. 15B, various virtual area extensions are activated asthe user moves about the retail establishment. In the illustratedexample, the physical area is divided into non-overlapping andnon-rendered sections that are designated by respective aisle and rowcoordinates (e.g., aisle 2, row 2). Each of the sections is associatedwith a respective section zone within the Main zone 442 of the virtualarea 407. Each section zone is associated with viewscreen object and arespective set of switching rules that allows realtime audio, chat, andapplication sharing communications between communicants in the samesection zone. In the illustrated example, when the user enters the Aisle2, Row 2 section of the real world retail establishment, the virtualarea platform 18 automatically moves the user's avatar 452 into theassociated Aisle 2, Row 2 section zone 468 of the Main zone of thevirtual area 407. The Aisle 2, Row 2 section zone 468 includes aviewscreen object 470 that is associated with a URI link that referencesa network resource providing information about the products carried onthe shelves in the Aisle 2, Row 2 section of the real world retailestablishment (e.g., list of products, inventories, pricing, productcomparisons, promotions, advertising, and resources for orderingproducts online).

In some examples, when the user 430 enters a particular one of thesections of the retail establishment, the virtual area platform 18automatically notifies a relevant retail establishment employee (e.g., acustomer service representative or an expert) who is available to jointhe user 430 in the associated section zone of the virtual area 407. Inthe illustrated example, in response to a notification received from thevirtual area platform 18, a communicant 472 (Todd, who is an expertregarding the products offered in the Aisle 2, Row 2 section of theretail establishment) has moved his avatar 474 into in the Aisle 2, Row2 section zone 468 of the virtual area 407 in order to offer hisassistance to the user.

In the example shown in FIGS. 15A-15B, upon entering the physical spaceof the retail establishment or a section thereof, the user 430 not onlycan obtain immediate access to self-help and other network-basedresources, but also can communicate with one or more people over one ormore realtime communication channels to obtain general assistance orexpert technical support and advice no matter where those people arelocated in the real world. Since the physical locations of the supportpersonnel are not constrained to be in the retail establishment, theretailer is free to staff its real world retail establishments withlower levels of support and specialized expertise or none at all. Inaddition, the retailer also is able to extend the support andspecialized expertise that is available across different geographicareas to increase the efficiency and responsiveness of its customersupport operations.

As explained above, the physical location of the user also may driveanother communicant's virtual presence in a virtual area.

FIG. 16A shows an example in which the user 430 (Linda) and anothercommunicant 514 (Bob) are co-present in Linda's Office zone 600 of theSococoHQ virtual area 200, and two other communicants 510, 512 (Carl,John) are co-present in the East Conference zone 118 of the SococoHQvirtual area 200 (shown in FIG. 4). The communicants 430, 510-514 areoperating respective network nodes 519-524 (e.g., mobile computers, suchas laptop computers, tablet computers, and mobile phones). The networknodes 520-524 run respective virtual area enabled communicationsapplications that establish respective presences for the communicants510-512 in respective zones of the SococoHQ virtual area 200. Linda'spresence in Linda's Office zone 600 is established either by using hernetwork node 519 to call a specific dial-in telephone number that isassociated with Linda's Office zone 600 or receive a telephone call froma communicant in Linda's Office zone 600 in connection with a telephonyobject (not shown) in the Linda's Office zone 600. The virtual presenceapparatus 62 is logged into the East Conference zone 118 and interfacesthe two communicants 510, 512 in the physical space 64 with the EastConference zone 118 by, for example, transceiving realtimecommunications and other data (e.g., location data and co-presence data)between the East Conference zone 118 and the physical space 64. In someexamples, the audio sources and sinks of the client network nodes530-522 are turned off either automatically by the virtual area platform18 or manually by the communicants 510-512 in order to avoid echo andother audio artifacts that otherwise might occur as a result of beinginterfaced with the East conference zone 118 concurrently by the virtualpresence apparatus 62 and their respective network nodes 520, 522.

Linda 430 currently is located on Castro Street in Mountain View,Calif., Carl 510 and John 512 are located in in the real world EastConference room of the Sococo Headquarters located in the building 112in Mountain View, Calif., and Bob 514 is located in his home office inIowa. The real world locations of the communicants 430, 510-512 arereflected in a graphical user interface 516 that is generated in awindow 518 on a display by a virtual area enabled communicationsapplication running on the Carl's network node 520. (Graphical userinterfaces analogous to the graphical user interface 432 arerespectively generated by virtual area enabled communicationsapplications running on the other communicants' network nodes 522-524.)The graphical user interface 516 includes a first viewer panel 526 and asecond viewer panel 528. The first viewer panel 526 shows a spatialvisualization of the East Conference zone 118 and the second viewerpanel 528 shows a spatial visualization of Linda's Office zone 600. Inthe illustrated example, each of the East Conference zone 118 andLinda's Office zone 600 is represented graphically by a respectivetwo-dimensional top view of a rectangular space that contains theviewscreen object 94, 602, and a respective avatar 452, 532, 534, 536for each of the communicants who is present in lobby zone. In thisexample, the avatar 452 represents the user 430 (Linda), the avatar 532represents the communicant 510 (Carl), the avatar 534 represents thecommunicant 512 (John), and the avatar 536 represents the communicant514 (Bob). Each of the avatars 452, 532-536 is associated with arespective status line that includes the name of the communicant and hisor her current real world location.

In some examples, while being virtually co-present with Bob 514 inLinda's Office zone 600, Linda 430 may enter the real world EastConference room 64 and thereby become physically co-present with Carl510 and John 512. In these examples, in response to a determination thatLinda is co-present with Carl 510 and John 512 in the physical space 64,the virtual area platform 18 automatically establishes presences forCarl 510 and John 512 in Linda's Office zone 600 so that Bob will seethe socially relevant fact that Linda now is physically co-present withCarl 510 and John 512. In some examples, the virtual area platform 18determines Linda's arrival in the East Conference room 64 based oncomparison of location-based services information (e.g., GPS data)received from Linda's network node 519 with a known location of the EastConference room 64. In other examples, the virtual presence apparatus 62detects the physical presence of Linda and sends information to thevirtual area platform 18 that can be used to identify Linda. FIG. 16Bshows the East Conference room 64 and the spatial visualization ofLinda's Office zone 600 after Linda has arrived at the East Conferenceroom 64, and the virtual area platform 18 has established respectivepresences for Carl 510 and John 512 in Linda's Office zone 600.

After Linda has entered the real world East Conference room 64, thevirtual area platform 18 determines whether to establish Linda'spresence in the virtual counterpart East Conference zone 118 or maintainLinda's presence in Linda's Office zone 600. In the illustrated example,the virtual area platform 18 is configured to maintain Linda's currentvirtual location of presence so long as she is virtually co-present withat least one other communicant in that location; otherwise, the virtualarea platform 18 will move Linda's current virtual location of presencefrom Linda's Office zone 600 to the virtual location associated with hernew physical location of presence. In the illustrated example, Linda andBob still are co-present in Linda's Office zone 600 at the time Lindaenters the real world East Conference room 64, therefore the virtualarea platform 18 establishes a presence for Linda in the East Conferencezone 118 and maintains her presence in Linda's Office zone 600. Thevirtual area platform 18 also is configured to inform a communicant whois virtually co-present with another communicant when the othercommunicant is physically co-present with one or more communicants.Thus, in the illustrated example, the virtual area platform 18automatically establishes a virtual presence for Carl 510 and John 512in Linda's Office zone 600 when Linda becomes physically co-present withthem in the East Conference room 64. This is reflected in the secondviewer panel 528 in the graphical user interface 516 shown in FIG. 16B.

The functionality associated with the communicant presences that areestablished as a result of the change in Linda's physical co-presencestate is configurable.

In some examples, the virtual area platform 18 merely depicts dummy (orplaceholder) avatars representing Carl 510 and John 512 into Linda'sOffice zone 600 in order to merely inform the remote communicant (Bob514) that Linda now is physically co-present with Carl and John. Inthese examples, Carl 510 and John 512 cannot control the dummy avatarsnor can they receive any communications from Linda's Office zone 600(e.g., the virtual area platform 18 may automatically mute audiocommunications associated with the dummy avatars); instead, the virtualarea platform 18 simply notifies Carl 510 and John 512 that respectivepassive presences have been established for them in Linda's Office zone600. In some of these examples, the virtual area platform 18 may includewith the notification a navigatable URI link that references Linda'sOffice zone 600 and thereby allows Carl 510 and John 512 to formerlyjoin Linda 430 and Bob 514 in Linda's Office zone 600.

In other examples, the virtual area platform 18 automaticallyestablishes fully functional presences for Carl 510 and John 512 in theEast Conference zone 118 when Linda 430 becomes physically co-presentwith them in the East Conference room 64. In some of these examples, thevirtual area platform 18 moves the presences of Carl 510 and John 512from the East Conference zone 118 to Linda's Office zone 600, whereas inother examples, the virtual area platform 18 maintains presences forCarl 510 and John 512 in both the East Conference zone 118 and Linda'sOffice zone 600.

FIGS. 17A and 17B show an example in which Linda 430 and Bob 514 arevirtually co-present in Bob's Office zone 604 of the SococoHQ virtualarea 200 (see FIG. 17A) and, subsequently, and another communicant(Teddy 602) becomes physically co-present with Linda 430 by satisfying aproximity predicate 606 (see FIG. 17B). In this example, in response toa determination that the real world locations of Linda 430 and Teddy 602satisfy the co-presence proximity predicate 606 (see the discussionabove in connection with FIG. 13), the virtual area platform 18automatically establishes a presence for Teddy 602 (as represented by anavatar 608) in Bob's Office zone 604 so that Bob 536 will see thesocially relevant fact that Linda 430 now is physically co-present withTeddy 602. In this way, Linda's physical location drives the virtualpresences of Teddy 602 in the network communications environment 10.

In some examples, a user's physical state drives the communicationsconnections between the user and one or more other communicants in avirtual area.

FIG. 18 shows an example of a method by which the virtual area platform18 switches communications connections between a user and one or moreother communicants based on the user's physical state. In accordancewith this method, the virtual area platform 18 establishes respectivepresences for a user and another communicant in a virtual area (FIG. 18,block 500). The virtual area platform 18 administers realtimecommunication connections between communication devices respectivelyassociated with the user and the other communicant in the virtual area(FIG. 16, block 502). The virtual area platform 18 receives real worlddata comprising one or more attributes defining a physical state of theuser (FIG. 18, block 504). The virtual area platform 18 applies one ormore conditions to the one or more attributes (FIG. 18, block 506).Based on results of the applying, the virtual area platform 18 switchescommunication connections between communication devices associated withthe user and another communicant while maintaining the establishedpresences of the user and the other communicant in the virtual area(FIG. 18, block 508).

In some examples, at least one of the one or more attributes defines areal world location of the user. In some of these examples, the virtualarea platform 18 administers a first communication connection between afirst communication device associated with the user and a particularcommunication device associated with the other communicant and, based onresults of applying one or more of the conditions to the real worldlocation of the user, the virtual area platform 18 terminates the firstcommunication connection and administers a second communicationconnection between a second communication device associated with theuser and the particular communication device associated with the othercommunicant. In some cases, the first communication connection isterminated and the second communication connection is administered basedon a determination that the real world location of the user coincideswith a particular physical area. The first communication device may be,for example, a mobile communication device associated with the user, andthe second communication device is in the particular physical area(e.g., a real world conference room) and is associated with the userwhen the user is in the particular physical area. The virtual areaplatform 18 typically associates the second communication device withthe physical area (e.g., by storing a record in a database). In somecases, the virtual area platform 18 associates the second communicationdevice with the user based on the determination that the real worldlocation of the user coincides with the particular physical area. Insome examples, after the first communication connection is terminated,the virtual area platform 18 administers a second communicationconnection between the first communication device and the particularcommunication device based on a determination that the real worldlocation of the user is outside a particular physical area.

In some examples, the user's presence in the virtual area is establishedbased on application of one or more of the conditions to at least one ofthe one or more attributes defining a physical state of the user. Insome of these examples, at least one of the one or more attributesdefines a real world location of the user, and the virtual area platform18 establishes the user's presence in the virtual area based on adetermination that the user's real world location coincides with aparticular physical area. In some examples, the virtual area platform 18associates the virtual area with the particular physical area. In someof these examples, the particular physical area is defined in relationto a current real world location of the other communicant. In someexamples, the virtual area platform 18 establishes the user's presencein the virtual area based on a determination that the user and the othercommunicant are physically co-present. In some of these examples, thevirtual area platform 18 creates the virtual area for the user and theother communicant based on a determination that the user and the othercommunicant are physically co-present.

In some examples, the virtual area platform 18 terminates the presenceof the user in the virtual area based on application of one or moreconditions to at least one of the one or more attributes that define theuser's physical state. In some of these examples, the at least oneattribute defines a real world location of the user, and the virtualarea platform 18 terminates the user's presence in the virtual areabased on a determination that the real world location of the user isoutside a particular physical area. In some cases, the particularphysical area is defined in relation to a current real world location ofthe other communicant. In some examples, the virtual area platform 18terminates the user's presence in the virtual area based on adetermination that the real world locations of the user and the othercommunicant are not physically co-present in the particular physicalarea.

In some examples, the virtual area platform 18 receives from the user arequest to navigate out of the virtual area and, responsive to therequest, terminates the user's presence in the virtual area andterminates the communication connection between the communicationdevices associated with the user and the other communicant.

FIG. 19A shows an example in which the user 430 (Linda) and three othercommunicants 510, 512, 514 (Carl, John, Bob) are co-present in the EastConference zone 118 of the SococoHQ virtual area 200 (see, e.g., FIG.4). The communicants 430, 510-512 are operating respective network nodes519-524 (e.g., mobile computers, such as laptop computers, tabletcomputers, and mobile phones). The network nodes 520-524 are able to runrespective virtual area enabled communications applications that areable to establish respective presences for the communicants 510-512 inEast Conference zone 118. Linda's presence in the East Conference zone118 is established either by using her network node 519 to call aspecific dial-in telephone number that is associated with the EastConference zone 118 or receive a telephone call from a communicant inthe East Conference zone 118 in connection with a telephony object inthe East Conference zone 118. In the illustrated example, the telephonyobject is incorporated into the virtual presence apparatus 62. Thevirtual presence apparatus 62 is logged into the East Conference zone118 and interfaces the two communicants 510, 512 in the physical space64 with the East Conference zone 118 by, for example, transceivingrealtime communications and other data (e.g., location data andco-presence data) between the East Conference zone 118 and the physicalspace 64. In some example, the audio sources and sinks of the clientnetwork nodes 530-522 are turned off either automatically by the virtualarea platform 18 or manually by the communicants 510-512 in order toover echo and other audio artifacts that otherwise might occur as aresult of being interfaced with the East conference zone 118 by thevirtual presence apparatus 62.

Linda currently is located on Castro Street in Mountain View, Calif.,Carl and John are located in in the real world East Conference room ofthe Sococo Headquarters located in the building 112 in Mountain View,Calif., and Bob is located in his home office in Iowa. The real worldlocations of the communicants 430, 510-512 are reflected in a graphicaluser interface 516 that is generated in a window 518 on a display by avirtual area enabled communications application running on the Carl'snetwork node 520. (Graphical user interfaces analogous to the graphicaluser interface 516 are respectively generated by virtual area enabledcommunications applications running on the other communicants' networknodes 522-524.)

The graphical user interface 516 includes a first viewer panel 526 and asecond viewer panel 528.

The first viewer panel 526 shows a spatial visualization 442 of theCarl's current zone of presence (i.e., the East Conference zone 118 ofthe SococoHQ virtual area 200). In the illustrated example, the EastConference zone 118 is represented graphically by a two-dimensional topview of a rectangular space that contains the viewscreen object 94, anda respective avatar 452, 532, 534, 536 for each of the communicants whois present in lobby zone. In this example, the avatar 452 represents theuser 430, the avatar 532 represents the communicant 510 (Carl), theavatar 534 represents the communicant 512 (John), and the avatar 536represents the communicant 514 (Bob). Each of the avatars 452, 532-536is associated with a respective status line that includes the name ofthe communicant and his or her current real world location.

The second viewer panel 528 shows a Map View 540 of Linda's current realworld location in relation to a target destination. In the Map View 540,Linda is represented by a circular sprite 560 that is positioned at alocation in the Map View 540 that corresponds to her current real worldlocation. The Map View also includes a title bar 562 that labels theview as “Map View” and presents the distance between Linda's currentreal world location and a target destination and optionally an estimateof the current time (e.g., absolute time or a differential time) whenLinda is expected to arrive at the target destination. In theillustrated example, the target destination is the real world locationof the physical counterpart (i.e., the real world East Conference room64) to Linda's current location of virtual presence (i.e., the EastConference zone 118 in the SococoHQ virtual area). Information about aparticular communicant's current real world location and expected timeof arrival at a particular target destination is particularly useful incontexts (e.g., meetings, appointments) in which the physical presenceof the particular communicant is required.

In the example shown in FIG. 19A, the Map View 440 is displayed inresponse to Carl's selection of a Map View control 564 in a person card566 that is displayed in response to Carl's selection of Linda's avatar452. In addition to the Map View control 564, the person card 566 alsoshows the selected communicant's name, current virtual location, currentreal world location, and a Walkup View control 568 that causes thevirtual area enabled communications application running on the Carl'snetwork node 520 to present in the second viewer panel 528 a walkup viewof Linda's current real world location (as an example, see the walkupview shown in the viewer panel 274 of the graphical user interface 270shown in FIG. 11).

The virtual area platform 18 establishes a presence for the user (Linda)in the East Conference zone 118 of the SococoHQ virtual area 200 as aresult of a telephone connection between Linda's network node 519 andthe East Conference zone 118. In some examples, this telephonyconnection is made through a VOIP gateway server includes a VOIP gatewayserver process for communicating with the area server 40, a respectiveVOIP gateway client process for each of the client network nodes in avirtual area, and an interprocess pipe through which the gateway serverprocess communicates with the gateway client processes. Examples of sucha VOIP gateway server are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/165,729, filed Jun. 2, 2011.

Referring to FIG. 19B, when Linda arrives at the real world counterpartto the East Conference zone 118 (as indicated in the Map View 540 shownin the second viewer panel 528), the virtual area platform 18 seamlesslytransitions the realtime communications between Linda and the othercommunicants in the East Conference zone 118 from the telephoneconnection through the VOIP gateway server to a connection through thevirtual presence apparatus 62. In this process, the virtual areaplatform 18 establishes a presence for the user through the virtualpresence apparatus 62 and terminates the connection between Linda'snetwork node 519 and the VOIP gateway server. In this way, the virtualarea platform 18 switches the communication connections between thenetwork nodes of Linda and the other communicants in the East Conferencezone 118 while maintaining the presences of Linda and the othercommunicants in the East Conference zone 118.

After the transition from the telephony connection to the connectionthrough the virtual presence apparatus 62, the depiction of user'savatar in the spatial visualization shown in the first viewer panel 526includes visual cues indicating the physical state of the user asdetected by the virtual presence apparatus 62 instead of the visual cue567 indicating that the user is connected to the East Conference zone118 over a telephony connection. In the illustrated example, the virtualpresence apparatus 62 monitors various aspects of the physical state ofthe user, including whether or not the user is viewing the real worldviewscreen in the physical space. In response to a determination thatthe user is viewing the real world viewscreen, the user's avatar isdepicted with a pair of eyes 569 indicating that the user is viewing thereal world viewscreen corresponding to the virtual viewscreen object 94.

Referring to FIG. 19C, while Linda is in the real world East Conferenceroom 64, she is able to dial the telephone number associated withanother zone of the SococoHQ virtual area 200. In the illustratedexample, Linda has dialed the telephone number associated with Matt'sOffice zone 570 of the SococoHQ virtual area 200. In response, thevirtual area platform 18 has moved Linda's virtual presence from theEast Conference zone 118 to Matt's Office zone 570. In this process, thevirtual area platform 18 terminates Linda's virtual presence in the EastConference zone 118, and establishes Linda's virtual presence in Matt'sOffice zone 570. As a result of the change in her virtual presencelocation, Linda is no longer virtually co-present with Carl, John, andBob in the East Conference zone 118, and instead now is virtuallyco-presence with Matt and Mike in Matt's Office zone 570. In addition,the virtual area platform 18 switches the communication connections ofLinda's network node 519 from the communication connections with theother communicants in the East Conference zone 118 through the virtualpresence apparatus 62 to communication connections with the othercommunicants in Matt's Office zone 570 through Linda's network node 519.

Linda's change in virtual presence location is reflected in thegraphical user interface 516 by removing Linda's avatar 452 from thevisualization of the East Conference zone 118 presented in the firstviewer panel 526, and depicting her avatar 452 decorated with agraphical representation of a telephone 567 in the visualization ofMatt's Office zone presented in the second viewer panel 528. In otherexamples, the virtual area platform 18 maintains Linda's virtualpresence in both the East Conference zone 118 and Matt's Office zone570.

In some examples, the virtual area enabled communications applicationsoperating on the network nodes of Carl, John, and Bob will display inthe graphical user interface 516 respective people panels that includerespective co-presence capsules showing the virtual co-presence of Lindawith Matt and Mike and the physical co-presence of Linda with Carl andJohn (see, e.g., the co-presence capsules 236, 250 shown in FIG. 5).Analogously, the virtual area enabled communications applicationsoperating on the network nodes of Matt and Mike will display in thegraphical user interface 516 respective people panels that includerespective co-presence capsules showing the virtual co-presence of Lindawith Matt and Mike and the physical co-presence of Linda with Carl andJohn.

III. CONCLUSION

Other embodiments are within the scope of the claims.

1-18. (canceled)
 19. A method, comprising: establishing respectivepresences for a user and another communicant in a virtual area;administering realtime communication connections between communicationdevices respectively associated with the user and the other communicantin the virtual area; receiving real world data comprising one or moreattributes defining a physical state of the user; applying one or moreconditions to the one or more attributes; based on results of theapplying, switching communication connections between communicationdevices associated with the user and another communicant whilemaintaining the established presences of the user and the othercommunicant in the virtual area.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein atleast one of the one or more attributes defines a real world location ofthe user.
 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the administeringcomprises administering a first communication connection between a firstcommunication device associated with the user and a particularcommunication device associated with the other communicant; and based onresults of applying one or more of the conditions to the real worldlocation of the user, the switching comprises terminating the firstcommunication connection and administering a second communicationconnection between a second communication device associated with theuser and the particular communication device associated with the othercommunicant.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the first communicationconnection is terminated and the second communication connection isadministered based on a determination that the real world location ofthe user coincides with a particular physical area.
 23. The method ofclaim 22, wherein the first communication device is a mobilecommunication device associated with the user, and the secondcommunication device is in the particular physical area and isassociated with the user when the user is in the particular physicalarea.
 24. The method of claim 22, further comprising associating thesecond communication device with the physical area.
 25. The method ofclaim 24, further comprising associating the second communication devicewith the user based on the determination that the real world location ofthe user coincides with the particular physical area.
 26. The method ofclaim 21, further comprising after the first communication connection isterminated, administering a second communication connection between thefirst communication device and the particular communication device basedon a determination that the real world location of the user is outside aparticular physical area.
 27. The method of claim 19, wherein thepresence of the user in the virtual area is established based onapplication of one or more of the conditions to at least one of the oneor more attributes.
 28. The method of claim 27, wherein at least one ofthe one or more attributes defines a real world location of the user,and the establishing comprises establishing the presence of the user inthe virtual area based on a determination that the real world locationof the user coincides with a particular physical area.
 29. The method ofclaim 28, further comprising associating the virtual area with theparticular physical area.
 30. The method of claim 28, wherein theparticular physical area is defined in relation to a current real worldlocation of the other communicant.
 31. The method of claim 27, whereinthe establishing comprises establishing the presence of the user in thevirtual area based on a determination that the user and the othercommunicant are physically co-present.
 32. The method of claim 31,wherein the establishing comprises creating the virtual area for theuser and the other communicant based on a determination that the userand the other communicant are physically co-present.
 33. The method ofclaim 19, further comprising terminating the presence of the user in thevirtual area based on application of one or more conditions to at leastone of the one or more attributes.
 34. The method of claim 33, whereinthe at least attribute defines a real world location of the user, andthe terminating comprises terminating the presence of the user in thevirtual area based on a determination that the real world location ofthe user is outside a particular physical area.
 35. The method of claim34, wherein the particular physical area is defined in relation to acurrent real world location of the other communicant.
 36. The method ofclaim 33, wherein the terminating comprises terminating the presence ofthe user in the virtual area based on a determination that the realworld locations of the user and the other communicant are not physicallyco-present in the particular physical area.
 37. The method of claim 19,further comprising receiving from the user a request to navigate out ofthe virtual area, and responsive to the request terminating the presenceof the user in the virtual area and terminating the communicationconnection between the communication devices associated with the userand the other communicant.
 38. Apparatus, comprising: a memory storingprocessor-readable instructions; and a processor coupled to the memory,operable to execute the instructions, and based at least in part on theexecution of the instructions operable to perform operations comprisingestablishing respective presences for a user and another communicant ina virtual area; administering realtime communication connections betweencommunication devices respectively associated with the user and theother communicant in the virtual area; receiving real world datacomprising one or more attributes defining a physical state of the user;applying one or more conditions to the one or more attributes; based onresults of the applying, switching communication connections betweencommunication devices associated with the user and another communicantwhile maintaining the established presences of the user and the othercommunicant in the virtual area.
 39. At least one computer-readablemedium having processor-readable program code embodied therein, theprocessor-readable program code adapted to be executed by a processor toimplement a method comprising: establishing respective presences for auser and another communicant in a virtual area; administering realtimecommunication connections between communication devices respectivelyassociated with the user and the other communicant in the virtual area;receiving real world data comprising one or more attributes defining aphysical state of the user; applying one or more conditions to the oneor more attributes; based on results of the applying, switchingcommunication connections between communication devices associated withthe user and another communicant while maintaining the establishedpresences of the user and the other communicant in the virtual area.40-69. (canceled)